[Thermal] Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA)

TGA (Thermal Gravimetric Analysis) generally refers to a combination of gravimetric and mass-spectrometry analysis. As such, it can be used to detect the presence of chemisorbed gases. This is typically negligible on most carbon adsorbents due to van der Waals repulsion, but it can occur in unique geometries like single-walled carbon nanotubes.

[Thermal] Practical Issues of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Measurement

This paper discusses sample encapsulation and other key operational points in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments. The main purpose of encapsulation is to prevent sample contamination of the analyzer and ensure good thermal contact between the sample and the furnace. When selecting sample pans, factors such as temperature range, pressure accumulation, reaction between the pan and the sample, cleanliness, sealing methods for liquid samples, thermal contact between the sample and the pan, and prevention of contamination of the outer wall must be considered.

[Thermal] How to Calibrate Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Steps

There is potential for slight inaccuracy of measurements in all DSC analysers because sensors, no matter how good, are not actually embedded in the sample, and the sensors themselves are also a potential variable. Therefore, in order to ensure accuracy and repeatability of data, a system must be calibrated and checked under the conditions of use.

[Thermal] A Comparative Overview of DSC Designs: Power Compensation, Heat Flux, DTA, and DPC

Describes Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) designs. Power compensation DSC uses two separate furnaces to directly measure energy flow (mW) by maintaining a set heating rate. Heat flux DSC uses a single furnace, measuring temperature differences (△t) between sample and reference, which is then converted to heat flow. Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) is similar but retains the microvolt signal. Differential Photocalorimetry (DPC) uses UV light to initiate reactions. Pressure cells are also available as accessories. Finally, the text lists ISO standards for DSC methods, covering glass t......

[Thermal] Principles of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Types of Measurements Made

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is the most widely used of the thermal techniques available to the analyst and provides a fast and easy to use method of obtaining a wealth of information about a material, whatever the end use envisaged. It has found use in many wide ranging applications including polymers and plastics, foods and pharmaceuticals, glasses and ceramics, proteins and life science materials; in fact virtually any material, allowing the analyst to quickly measure the basic properties of the material.

[Thermal] Oscillatory Temperature Profiles

When a cyclic temperature profile is applied to a sample the heat flow signal will oscillate as a result of the temperature program, and the size of the oscillation will be a function of the heat capacity of the sample. Therefore, the amplitude of the heat flow signal allows a heat capacity value to be obtained. This is similar to DMA where the amplitude of the oscillation allows a modulus value to be obtained.

[Thermal] Benefits of Fast Scanning Rates

Fast DSC scanning rates increase sensitivity, allowing small samples and weak transitions to be measured. High rates also prevent annealing and structural changes (e.g., in polypropylene or pharmaceuticals) that distort results during slow heating. Fast scans separate overlapping events, such as moisture loss from glass transitions. Speed improves throughput, but helium purge is recommended for better resolution.

[Thermal] High-Performance DSC (HyperDSC): Fast Scanning for Accurate Thermal Analysis

Fast DSC scanning (up to 500 °C/min) produces accurate, quantitative data despite traditional concerns about thermal lag. Power compensation systems enable this, with minor calibration adjustments. Short transients allow reliable sub-ambient measurements. Fast cooling also reveals material morphology, as shown in PET studies.

[Thermal] Application of Fast-Scanning DSC (HyperDSC) to Polymer Analysis

HyperDSC enables fast polymer heating, preventing annealing/recrystallization artifacts. Slow heating alters crystallinity, raising melting points. Fast rates preserve original structure, improve resolution, and accurately measure crystallinity without reorganization. Cooling rate controls crystallization extent. Essential for true material characterization in polymer analysis.